Photo Credit:
Rabbi Lord Jonathan Sacks

It is the moment the Jewish people acquired its name. Nothing could have been more unexpected or mysterious. Jacob is about to meet the brother he had not seen for 22 years – Esau, the man who had once vowed to kill him. Alone and afraid at the dead of night, he is assaulted by an unnamed stranger. They wrestle. Time passes. Dawn is about to break.

Then the man said, “Let me go, for it is daybreak.” But Jacob replied, “I will not let you go until you bless me.” The man asked him, “What is your name?” “Jacob,” he answered. Then the man said, “Your name will no longer be Jacob, but Israel, because you have struggled with G-d and with men – and have overcome.”

So the people Israel acquired its name, surely the strangest and most haunting in all the religious experiences of mankind.

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The words religion, faith, and spirituality conjure up many ideas and associations: peace, serenity, inwardness, meditation, calm, acceptance, and bliss. Often faith has been conceived as an alternative reality, a “haven in a heartless world,” an escape from the strife and conflict of everyday life. There is much to be said for this idea. But it is not Judaism.

Judaism is not an escape from the world but an engagement with the world. It is not “the opium of the people,” as Karl Marx once called religion. It does not anaesthetize us to the pains and apparent injustices of life. It does not reconcile us to suffering. It asks us to play our part in the most daunting undertaking ever asked by G-d of mankind: to construct relationships, communities, and ultimately a society, that will become homes for the Divine presence. And that means wrestling with G-d and with men, and refusing to give up or despair.

Wrestling with G-d is what Moses and the prophets did. They said, in effect, “G-d, your demands are great but we human beings are small. We try, but often we fail. We make mistakes. We have moments of weakness. You are right: we have much to feel bad about in our lives. But we are your children. You made us. You chose us. So forgive us.” And G-d forgives. Judaism is a religion of repentance and confession, but it is not a religion of guilt.

Wrestling with men: since the days of Abraham, to be a Jew is to be an iconoclast. We challenge the idols of the age – whatever the idols, whatever the age. Sometimes it meant wrestling with idolatry, superstition, paganism, magic, astrology, or primitive beliefs. At other times it means wrestling with secularism, materialism, or consumerism. There were times, in the Middle Ages, when Europe was largely illiterate and Jews alone practiced universal education. There were others – the 20th century, for example – when Jews became the targets of Fascism and Communism, systems that worshipped power and desecrated the dignity of the individual. Judaism is a religion of protest – the counter-voice in the conversation of mankind.

Jacob is not Abraham or Isaac. Abraham symbolizes faith as love. Abraham loved G-d so much he was willing to leave his land, home and father’s house to follow him to an unknown land. He loved people so much that he treated passing strangers as if they were angels. (The irony is that they were angels. Often people become what we see them as. Treat people like enemies and they become enemies. Treat them as friends and they become friends.) Abraham dies “at a good age, old and satisfied.” A life of love is serene. Abraham was serene.

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Rabbi Lord Jonathan Sacks was the former chief rabbi of the British Commonwealth and the author and editor of 40 books on Jewish thought. He died earlier this month.